Application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in Understanding the Relationship Between Anemia and Academic Performance Among Junior High School Students in Lhokseumawe City, Indonesia

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Published Aug 1, 2025
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v103i8.5969
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Vol. 103 No. 8 (2025): Tunis Med Aug 2025

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Teuku Ilhami Surya Akbar
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
Muhammad Sayuti
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
Hendra Wahyuni
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
Sarah Rahmayani Siregar
Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
Cut Miftahul Jannah
Department of Medical Education , Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
Reza Maulana
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine. Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Ni ken Ritchie
Blood Bank Technology, Akademi Bakti Kemanusiaan PMI, Indonesia
Nur Sahira
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
Diana Farasha
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract: Indonesia ministry of health data shows that 21.7% of the population has anemia, with a prevalence of 26.4% in the 5–14-year age group and 18.4% in the 15–24-year age group (Hb <12.0 g/dL). The Health Belief Model (HBM) is used to identify lifestyle patterns of anemic students and their risks to academic achievement.


 


Aims: This study examines the relationship between hemoglobin levels and academic achievement and assesses the relationship between the HBM construct and anemia.


 


Methodology: This study is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 80 grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Lhokseumawe. This study examines the relationship between hemoglobin levels and academic achievement and assesses the relationship between the HBM construct and anemia


 


Results: Chi-square test showed a significant relationship (p<0.05) between anemia and academic achievement, where students with normal hemoglobin levels had better achievements than those with anemia.


 


Conclusions: These findings confirm the impact of anemia on academic achievement, highlighting the importance of iron for brain function, concentration, and intelligence. The limited correlation of most HBM constructs with anemia suggests low student awareness, thus educational interventions are needed to improve preventive behavior.

Keywords:

Anemia, academic achievement, HBM

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