Assessment of biochemical markers associated with inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Published Jun 1, 2025
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v103i6.5742
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Vol. 103 No. 6 (2025): Tunis Med June 2025

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Wafaa Hufdhy Ajam
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hammurabi College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
Marwa Fadhil Alsaffar
Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001, Babylon, Iraq.
Najlaa Jawad Hasani
Babylon Technical institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, 51015, Babylon, Iraq.
Ayad Abdelsalam
Radiology Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001, Babylon, Iraq.
Foued Ben Hadj Slama
Immunogenetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Tunisia.

Abstract

Introduction-Objective: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic and progressive metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and long-term inflammation. Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties that reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. This study aimed to investigate the role of serum vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, study the relationship between these factors and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factorα (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP).


Method: This case–control study included a total of 100 participants within the age range of 45 to 65 years. There were 50 participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 50 healthy individuals (control).


Results: The levels of serum IL-6 were significantly increased in the T2DM group compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the T2DM group were increased levels of HOMA-IR, TNF-α, and CRP compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The patient group showed a decreased in 25-OH vitamin D levels (P > 0.05). Although the mean serum PTH level increased, this increase was significantly greater in the T2DM group compared to the control group.


Conclusion: The study revealed a significant negative correlation between vitamin D, HBA1C, and HOMA-IR. There is also a strong positive correlation between HOMA-IR and HBA1c, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP. This suggests that vitamin D and PTH play a role in glycemic control.

Keywords:

Vitamin D, Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Cytokines, HOMA-IR

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