Body Esteem and Associated Factors Among Tunisian Adolescents
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Introduction-Aim: Adolescents go through morphological and psychosocial changes that greatly influence body perception and body esteem. The aim of this study was to explore and describe body esteem among Tunisian adolescents.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 340 adolescents who attend Tunisian high school. We collected the age, sex, weight, and height of each participant and we used Tunisian validated version of BESAA, the Arabic version of Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and the F-SCOFF questionnaire to assess each participant's body esteem, self-esteem and eating disorders respectively.
Results: We included 340 adolescents with a sex-ratio 0.7, among the 340 participants, 58.2% had a normal BMI. We found that 78.6% and 79.7% of adolescents have respectively good body esteem and high self-esteem with a similar distribution between girls and boys.
Body esteem was associated with a variety of factors, including age, self-esteem, the practice of regular sports activities and BMI, however, it was not associated with the F-SCOFF questionnaire.
Conclusions: The increasing preoccupation of teenagers with their body image makes it essential to study body esteem in this population to detect disorders that may stem from body dissatisfaction.
Keywords:
Body Esteem, Adolescents, Self-Esteem, Sport Activities, Eating Disorders, Body Image##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
- Ricciardelli LA, McCabe MP. Children’s body image concerns and eating disturbance: A review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 1 avr 2001;21(3):325‑44.
- Bearman SK, Martinez E, Stice E, Presnell K. The Skinny on Body Dissatisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Girls and Boys. J Youth Adolesc. avr 2006;35(2):217‑29.
- Mendelson BK, Mendelson MJ, White DR. Body-esteem scale for adolescents and adults. J Pers Assess. févr 2001;76(1):90‑106.
- The Body Esteem Scale: multidimensional structure and sex differences in a college population - PubMed [Internet]. [cité 16 avr 2024]. Disponible sur: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6726603/
- Cragun D, DeBate RD, Ata RN, Thompson JK. Psychometric properties of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults in an early adolescent sample. Eat Weight Disord EWD. sept 2013;18(3):275‑82.
- Toselli S, Zaccagni L, Rinaldo N, Mauro M, Grigoletto A, Maietta Latessa P, et al. Body Image Perception in High School Students: The Relationship with Gender, Weight Status, and Physical Activity. Children. 10 janv 2023;10(1):137.
- Jiménez Boraita R, Arriscado Alsina D, Dalmau Torres JM, Gargallo Ibort E. [Determinants of body satisfaction in adolescents.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 1 juin 2021;95:e202106077.
- Castro IRR de, Levy RB, Cardoso L de O, Passos MD dos, Sardinha LMV, Tavares LF, et al. Imagem corporal, estado nutricional e comportamento com relação ao peso entre adolescentes brasileiros. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. oct 2010;15:3099‑108.
- Pinho L de, Brito MFSF, Silva RRV, Messias RB, Silva CS de O e, Barbosa DA, et al. Perception of body image and nutritional status in adolescents of public schools. Rev Bras Enferm. 5 déc 2019;72:229‑35.
- Voelker DK, Reel JJ, Greenleaf C. Weight status and body image perceptions in adolescents: current perspectives. Adolesc Health Med Ther [Internet]. 25 août 2015 [cité 11 mai 2024]; Disponible sur: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2147/AHMT.S68344
- Elia C, Karamanos A, Silva MJ, O’Connor M, Lu Y, Dregan A, et al. Weight misperception and psychological symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood: longitudinal study of an ethnically diverse UK cohort. BMC Public Health. 18 mai 2020;20(1):712.
- Challinor KL, Mond J, Stephen ID, Mitchison D, Stevenson RJ, Hay P, et al. Body size and shape misperception and visual adaptation: An overview of an emerging research paradigm. J Int Med Res. déc 2017;45(6):2001‑8.
- Toselli S, Spiga F. Sport practice, physical structure, and body image among university students. J Eat Disord. 17 oct 2017;5(1):31.
- Cruz-Sáez S, Pascual A, Wlodarczyk A, Echeburúa E. The effect of body dissatisfaction on disordered eating: The mediating role of self-esteem and negative affect in male and female adolescents. J Health Psychol. juill 2020;25(8):1098‑108.
- Castellano S, Rizzotto A, Neri S, Currenti W, Guerrera CS, Pirrone C, et al. The Relationship between Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Young Women Aspiring Fashion Models: The Mediating Role of Stress. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. juin 2021;11(2):607‑15.
- Valls M, Rousseau A, Chabrol H. Étude de validation de la version française du Body Esteem Scale (BES) dans la population masculine. J Thérapie Comport Cogn. 1 juin 2011;21(2):58‑64.
- Rousseau A, Valls M, Chabrol H. Étude de validation de la version française de l’Échelle d’Estime Corporelle (Body Esteem Scale) chez les adolescentes et les jeunes adultes. Eur Rev Appl Psychol. 1 juill 2015;65(4):205‑10.
- Arslan UE, Özcebe LH, Konşuk Ünlü H, Üner S, Yardim MS, Araz O, et al. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) for children. Turk J Med Sci. 9 avr 2020;50(2).
- Confalonieri E, Gatti E, Ionio C, Traficante D. BODY ESTEEM SCALE: A VALIDATION ON ITALIAN ADOLESCENTS. 2008;15(3):13.
- Erling A, Hwang CP. Body-esteem in Swedish 10-year-old children. Percept Mot Skills. oct 2004;99(2):437‑44.
- Hela R, Bourgou S, Hamza M, Fakhfakh R, Belhadj A. Arabic validation of the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults. L’Encéphale [Internet]. 4 oct 2024 [cité 4 oct 2024]; Disponible sur: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013700624001933
- Schmitt DP, Allik J. Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self-esteem. J Pers Soc Psychol. oct 2005;89(4):623‑42.
- [PDF] Psychometric evaluation of Arabic version of Self- Esteem, Psychological Well-being and Impact of weight on Quality of life questionnaire (IWQOL-Lite) in female student sample of PNU [Internet]. [cité 17 nov 2022]. Disponible sur: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297647218_Psychometric_evaluation_of_Arabic_version_of_Self-_Esteem_Psychological_Well-being_and_Impact_of_weight_on_Quality_of_life_questionnaire_IWQOL-Lite_in_female_student_sample_of_PNU
- Morgan JF, Reid F, Lacey JH. The SCOFF questionnaire: assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. BMJ. 4 déc 1999;319(7223):1467‑8.
- Garcia FD, Grigioni S, Allais E, Houy-Durand E, Thibaut F, Déchelotte P. Detection of eating disorders in patients: validity and reliability of the French version of the SCOFF questionnaire. Clin Nutr Edinb Scotl. 1 avr 2011;30(2):178‑81.
- Neumark-Sztainer D, Falkner N, Story M, Perry C, Hannan PJ, Mulert S. Weight-teasing among adolescents: correlations with weight status and disordered eating behaviors. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord J Int Assoc Study Obes. janv 2002;26(1):123‑31.
- Presnell K, Bearman SK, Stice E. Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls: a prospective study. Int J Eat Disord. déc 2004;36(4):389‑401.
- Stice E, Whitenton K. Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls: A longitudinal investigation. Dev Psychol. 2002;38(5):669‑78.
- Zaidi U. Gender Differences in Self-esteem. Pak J Psychol. 1 juin 2006;
- Chabrol H, Carlin E, Michaud C, Rey A, Cassan D, Juillot M, et al. Étude de l’échelle d’estime de soi de Rosenberg dans un échantillon de lycéens. Neuropsychiatr Enfance Adolesc. déc 2004;52(8):533‑6.
- Davison KK, Markey CN, Birch LL. A Longitudinal Examination of Patterns in Girls’ Weight Concerns and Body Dissatisfaction from Ages 5 to 9 Years. Int J Eat Disord. avr 2003;33(3):320‑32.
- Bully P, Elosua P. Changes in Body Dissatisfaction Relative to Gender and Age: The Modulating Character of BMI. Span J Psychol. mai 2011;14(1):313‑22.
- Fernández-Bustos JG, Infantes-Paniagua Á, Gonzalez-Martí I, Contreras-Jordán OR. Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescents: Differences by Sex, BMI and Type and Organisation of Physical Activity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. sept 2019;16(17):3109.
- Chen X, Luo Y jun, Chen H. Body Image Victimization Experiences and Disordered Eating Behaviors among Chinese Female Adolescents: The Role of Body Dissatisfaction and Depression. Sex Roles. 1 oct 2020;83(7):442‑52.
- Seidah A, Bouffard T, Vezeau C. Perceptions de soi à l’adolescence : différences entre filles et garçons. Enfance. 2004;56(4):405‑20.
- McCabe MP, Ricciardelli LA. Body image and strategies to lose weight and increase muscle among boys and girls. Health Psychol Off J Div Health Psychol Am Psychol Assoc. janv 2003;22(1):39‑46.
- Paxton SJ, Neumark-Sztainer D, Hannan PJ, Eisenberg ME. Body dissatisfaction prospectively predicts depressive mood and low self-esteem in adolescent girls and boys. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol Off J Soc Clin Child Adolesc Psychol Am Psychol Assoc Div 53. déc 2006;35(4):539‑49.
- Valls M. Insatisfaction corporelle masculine : relations entre estime de soi, dépression, exposition du corps, influences socioculturelles et troubles des conduites alimentaires [Internet] [These de doctorat]. Toulouse 2; 2011 [cité 13 avr 2024]. Disponible sur: https://theses.fr/2011TOU20016
- Revranche M, Biscond M, Husky MM. Lien entre usage des réseaux sociaux et image corporelle chez les adolescents : une revue systématique de la littérature. L’Encéphale. 1 avr 2022;48(2):206‑18.
- Ourari K, Madi A. Réseaux sociaux et perception du corps chez les adolescents. Rev Santé Ment Neurosci. 26 févr 2023;4(8):10‑20.
- Goldfield GS, Moore C, Henderson K, Buchholz A, Obeid N, Flament MF. Body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, depression, and weight status in adolescents. J Sch Health. avr 2010;80(4):186‑92.
- Vogt Yuan AS. Gender Differences in the Relationship of Puberty with Adolescents’ Depressive Symptoms: Do Body Perceptions Matter? Sex Roles. 1 juill 2007;57(1):69‑80.