Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Among Very Premature Infants in a Tunisian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

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Published Aug 27, 2024
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v102i9.5110
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Vol. 102 No. 9 (2024): Tunis Med sept 2024

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Mouadh Benali
Department of Neonatology, Charles Nicolle University Hospital,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis,University of Tunis ElManar, Tunis, Tunisia
Nourzed Ben Hamida
Department of Neonatology, Charles Nicolle University Hospital,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis,University of Tunis ElManar, Tunis, Tunisia
Salsabil Jaouhari
Department of Neonatology, Charles Nicolle University Hospital,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis,University of Tunis ElManar, Tunis, Tunisia
Imen Ayadi
Department of Neonatology, Charles Nicolle University Hospital,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis,University of Tunis ElManar, Tunis, Tunisia
Emira Ben Hamida
Department of Neonatology, Charles Nicolle University Hospital,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis,University of Tunis ElManar, Tunis, Tunisia

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) stands as the primary chronic respiratory


complication in premature infants, posing a substantial public health concern due to its rising


prevalence, potential mortality, and socioeconomic burden.


Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of BPD in very preterm infants and identify its associated risk factors.


Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study including all


premature infants born between 26 and 31 weeks of gestation age (GA) who survived beyond


the 28th day of life, over a five-year period (2017-2021). Patients were divided into two


groups based on the presence or absence of BPD, which was defined by the need for oxygen


supplementation for at least 28 days.


Results: we included 231 newborns. The prevalence of BPD was 37.7% among survivors on


the 28th day of life and 36.7% among those reaching 36 weeks postmenstrual age. BPD was


mild, moderate and severe in 25.2%, 4.9% and 6.6% of cases, respectively. Multivariate


analysis identified maternal hypertensive disorders (RR=6.15, 95%CI=[2.27-16.67],


p<0.001), chorioamnionitis (RR=4.23, 95%CI=[1.25 -14.27], p=0.02), intrauterine growth


restriction (IUGR) (RR =20.4, 95%CI=[3.39 -122.66], p=0.001), GA less than 30 weeks (RR=26.97, 95%CI=[10.23 -71.14], p<0.001), and mechanical ventilation (MV) (RR=5.33,


95%CI=[1.95-14.54], p=0.001) as independent factors associated with BPD occurrence. The


mortality rate was 10.3% among patients with BPD versus 0.7% in patients without BPD (p = 0.001).


Conclusion: Our study revealed a high prevalence of BPD in very preterm infants and


identified several independent risk factors such as maternal ...(abstract truncated at 250 words).

Keywords:

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia- Infant, Premature, Prevalence, Risk factors, Prognosis

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