Birth defects and epidemiological factors in Tunisia

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Published Aug 27, 2024
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v102i9.5090
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Vol. 102 No. 9 (2024): Tunis Med sept 2024

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Kaouther Nasri
Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte .Embryo-foetopathology department, La Rabta Maternity and Neonatology Center, Tunis El Manar University, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
Nadia Ben Jemaa
Department of histology-embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
Belhassen Chorfi
Embryo-foetopathology department, La Rabta Maternity and Neonatology Center, Tunis El Manar University, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
Mariem Sahraoui
Department of embryo-fetopathology, La Rabta Maternity and Neonatology Center, Tunis El Manar University, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
Aida Masmoudi
Department of embryo-fetopathology, La Rabta Maternity and Neonatology Center, Tunis El Manar University, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
Soumaya Siala Gaigi
Department of embryo-fetopathology, La Rabta Maternity and Neonatology Center, Tunis El Manar University, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.

Abstract

Aim: To identify the birth defects listed in the embryo-fetopathology department of the maternity and neonatology center of Tunis (Tunisia), and to study the epidemiological factors.


Methods: We carried out a retrospective study on 2489 malformed cases including fetuses, stillborns and deceased newborns among 5750 ones autopsied in the embryo-fetopathology department of the maternity and neonatology center of Tunis.


Results: The sex ratio of autopsied cases was 1.06. 41% of them weighed less than 500 grams. The gestational age was between 22-28 weeks of amenorrhea in 41.3% of cases.


Among the maternal characteristics, we noted an average maternal age of 30.1 years old (with extremes ranging from 16 to 51 years old), and a predominance of O blood group. Parental consanguinity and history of reproductive failure were found respectively in 37.4% and 32.5% of cases.


Antenatal diagnosis was established in 62% of cases. It was positive in 59.5% of cases (all types of malformations combined).


Among the 2489 malformed cases, 4568 birth defects were identified. Neurological anomalies were the most common (26.01%) followed by nephro-urological anomalies (13.16%) and cardiovascular anomalies (11.47%).


During the study period, 164 cases of polymalformative syndromes were counted and 217 cases of chromosomal aberrations were classified.


Conclusion: This study allowed us to assess the frequency of birth defects, categorize them based on their type and determine the different epidemiological factors during a long period of nine years...(abstract truncated at 250 words).

Keywords:

Birth defects, risk factors, epidemiology, prevention, Tunisia.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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