Congenital heart disease: epidemiological, genetic and evolutive profil

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Published Aug 27, 2024
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v102i9.5060
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Vol. 102 No. 9 (2024): Tunis Med sept 2024

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Emna Marmech
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Oumaima Barkallah
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Ines Selmi
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Nourzed Ben Hamida
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Amani Guizani
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Haifa Ouerda
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Syrine Khlif
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Jihen Ben Hfaiedh
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Jihed Kanzari
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Zied Khlayfia
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Sonia Halioui
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Ons Azzabi
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
Nadia Siala
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunis. University of Tunis el Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital heart disease is a heterogeneous group of malformations and one of the most common causes of mortality in children.


Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, genetic and evolutive characteristics of congenital heart disease.


Methods : A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out between 2020 and 2023 at the pediatrics and neonatology department of Mongi Slim university hospital of Tunis. All children with confirmed congenital heart disease were included.


Results : Forty-five patients were included, representing 5.7‰ of all admissions. The sex ratio was 1.4. A prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease was established in 9% of cases. The median age at the time of discovery was 18 days. The initial symptomatology was respiratory distress in 64% of cases. The main reasons for performing a cardiac ultrasound were heart murmur in 38% followed by polymalformative assessment in 27% of cases. Most of the cardiopathies were atrial septal defects (42%) and ventricular septal defects (40%). Cyanotic heart diseases represented 29% of cases, conotruncal ones 13% and ductodependent ones 16%. Congenital heart disease was associated with a genetic anomaly in 53% of patients, including 15 cases of trisomy 21 and four Di-George syndromes. The treatment was mainly medical (38%), associated with surgery in 5 cases. Death occurred in nine patients, representing a mortality rate of 20%.


Conclusion : Efforts still need to be made to improve pre- and post-natal diagnosis and ensure rapid treatment in order to reduce morbidity and mortality in our country.

Keywords:

Congenital heart disease , Epidemiology , Newborn , Pediatrics, Genetics , Mortality, Tunisia, North Africa

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