Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in Crohn disease patients: A Tunisian study

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Published Jan 11, 2024
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Vol. 101 No. 12 (2023): Tunis Med dec 2023

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Shema Ayadi
Department of Gastro-enterology, Charles Nicolle hospital, Tunis. Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Myriam Ayari
Department of Gastro-enterology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis. Faculty of medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Afef Bahlous
Department of biochemistry, Charles Nicolle Hospita, Tunis. Faculty of medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Yosra Zaimi
Department of Gastro-enterology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis. Faculty of medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Emna Bel Hadj Mabrouk
Department of Gastro-enterology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis. Faculty of medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Leila Mouelhi
Department of Gastro-enterology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis. Faculty of medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Radhouane Debbeche
Departement of Gastro-enterology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis. Faculty of medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune response through an immunomodulatory effect, and is probably involved in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD).



Aim: to assess vitamin D status in patients with CD as well as in healthy controls and to determine associated factors of vitamin D deficiency in patients with CD.


Methods: We conducted a prospective study over 18 months, including CD patients with age and sex matched with healthy controls. Suboptimal vitamin D status was defined by vitamin D serum level < 30 ng/ml, vitamin insufficiency by vitamin D serum level between 10 and 30 ng/ml and vitamin deficiency serum level < 10 ng/ml.

 


Results: We included 77 subjects (52 patients with CD and 25 controls) with mean age of 38 years± 11. Most patients and controls had suboptimal levels of vitamin D (98% and 96% respectively) including vitamin D deficiency in 75% and 67%, respectively and vitamin D insufficiency in 25% and 33%, respectively. In univariate analysis, vitamin D deficiency was associated with disease flare-up (p=0.001), anemia (p=0.002), hypo-albuminemia (p=0.002), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.003), Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (p<0.001), ileal location (p=0.04) and immunosuppressive therapy (p=0.01). In multivariate analysis, only CDAI was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (p=0.003, OR=9.33).


Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common in Tunisian CD patients as well as in controls and is associated with disease activity.

Keywords:

Inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn’s disease, vitamin D

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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