Assessment tools in juvenile idiopathic arthritis : A narrative review

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Alia Fazza
Sakina Chemil
Sawssen Miladi
Hiba Boussaa
Yasmine Makhlouf
Kaouther Ben Abdelghani
Ahmed Laatar

Abstract

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), as a chronic condition, is associated with significant disease- and treatment-related morbidity, thus impacting children’s quality of life.


In order to optimize JIA management and to ensure the best possible care and outcome for children with rheumatic diseases, dedicated disease activity and damage assessment tools are essential.


In recent years, there has been a concerted and important international effort to develop and validate disease activity and outcome instruments specific to JIA.


This update aims to describe the main outcome measures currently used in JIA patients. These outcome measures include composite disease activity score, measures of physical function, measures of health related quality of life, clinical measures of damage and the assessment of Parent and child reported outcomes (PCROs).


 

Keywords:

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Outcome measures, Disease activity, Physical function, Damage, Health-related quality of life, Parent-reported outcomes, Child-reported outcomes

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

References

  1. (1) Garner AJ, Saatchi R, Ward O, Hawley DP. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Review of Novel Diagnostic and Monitoring Technologies. Healthcare 2021; 9: 1683.
  2. (2) Consolaro A, Giancane G, Schiappapietra B et al. Clinical outcome measures in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2016 ;14(1): 23
  3. (3) Ravelli A, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 2007;369: 767–78
  4. (4) Duffy CM. Health outcomes in pediatric rheumatic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2004;16: 102–8
  5. (5) Luca NJ, Feldman BM. Feldman. Health outcomes of pediatric rheumatic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014;28: 331-350.
  6. (6) Brunner HI, Ravelli A. Developing outcome measures for paediatric rheumatic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2009;23: 609–24.
  7. (7) Luca NJ, Feldman BM. Health outcomes of pediatric rheumatic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2014;28: 331–50.
  8. (8) Varnier GC, Ciurtin C. Paediatric and adolescent rheumatic diseases: measures of disease activity. Br. J. Hosp. Med.2019; 80: 338-342.
  9. (9) Duffy CM. Measurement of health status, functional status, and quality of life in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: clinical science for the pediatrician. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2005;52: 359–72.
  10. (10) Feldman BM, Grundland B, McCullough L, Wright V. Distinction of quality of life, health related quality of life, and health status in children referred for rheumatologic care. J Rheumatol. 2000;27: 226–33.
  11. (11) Filocamo G, Consolaro A, Schiappapietra B et al. A new approach to clinical care of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report. J Rheumatol 2011;38: 938–53.
  12. (12) Dewitt EM. Outcomes research in childhood autoimmune diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2013;39: 921–33.
  13. (13) Berard R, Laxer RM. Improving the quality of care in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a step in the right direction. J Rheumatol. 2011;38: 789–90.
  14. (14) Tucker LB. Outcome Measures in Childhood Rheumatic Diseases. Current Rheumatology Reports. 2000; 2: 349–354.
  15. (15) McErlane F, Beresford MW, Baildam EM, Thomson W, Hyrich KL. Recent developments in disease activity indices and outcome measures for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatol. 2013;52: 1941–51.
  16. (16) Filocamo G, Consolaro A, Solari N et al. Recent advances in quantitative assessment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Paediatr Rheumatol. 2012;1: 84–96
  17. (17) Consolaro A, Ruperto N, Bazso A et al. Development and Validation of a Composite Disease Activity Score for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61: 658-66.
  18. (18) Bazso A, Consolaro A, Ruperto N et al. Development and testing of reduced joint counts in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2009;36: 183–90.
  19. (19) Bulatović Calasan M, de Vries LD, Vastert SJ, Heijstek MW, Wulffraat NM. Interpretation of the juvenile arthritis disease activity score: responsiveness, clinically important difference and levels of disease activity in prospective cohorts of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2014;53(2): 307–12.
  20. (20) Nordal EB, Zak M, Aalto K, Berntson L et al. Validity and predictive ability of the juvenile arthritis disease activity score based on CRP versus ESR in Nordic population-based setting. ann rheum Dis 2012; 71: 1122-7.
  21. (21) Nawaz Z, Shahzad F, Aziz S. juvenile arthritis disease activity score in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its association with clinical disease activity in Lahore. Pak Armed Forces Med J. 2018; 68 (5): 1249-55.
  22. (22) Mourão AF, Santos MJ, Melo-Gomes J et al. Using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein level: results from Portuguese register. Arthritis Care Res.2014,66: 585-91.
  23. (23) W Groenet, E Ünal, M Nørgaard et al. Comparing different revisions of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire to reduce the ceiling effect and improve score distribution: Data from a multi-center European cohort study of children with JIA. Pediatric Rheumatology. 2010; 8: 16.
  24. (24) McErlane F, Beresford MW, Baildam EM et al. Validity of a three-variable Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score in children with new-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013; 72: 1983–8
  25. (25) Weiss PF, Colbert RA, Xiao R et al. Development and Retrospective Validation of the Juvenile Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity (JSpADA) Index. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014; 66(12): 1775–1782.
  26. (26) Singh G, Athreya BH, Fries JF, Goldsmith DP. Measurement of health status in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37: 1761–9.
  27. (27) Meiorin S, Pistorio A, Ravelli A et al. Validation of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire in active juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59: 1112–9.
  28. (28) Filocamo G, Sztajnbok F, Cespedes-Cruz A et al. Development and validation of a new short and simple measure of physical function for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 57(6): 913-20.
  29. (29) Howe S, Levinson J, Shear E et al. Development of a disability measurement tool for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Report for Children and their Parents. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34: 873–80.
  30. (30) Brown GT, Wright FV, Lang BA, et al. Clinical responsiveness of self-report functional assessment measures for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis undergoing intraarticular corticosteroid injections. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;53: 897–904.
  31. (31) Wright FV, Kimber JL, Law M et al.: The Juvenile Arthritis Functional Status Index (JASI): a validation study. J Rheumatol. 1996; 23: 1066–1079.
  32. (32) Wright FV, Law M, Crombie V et al.: Development of a self-report functional status index for Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol.1994; 21:536–544.
  33. (33) Greer AE, Iversen MD. Measures of Pediatric Function and Physical Activity in Arthritis. Arthritis Care & Research. 2020; 72: 449-521.
  34. (34) The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med 1995;41: 1403–9.
  35. (35) Gong GW, Young NL, Dempster H et al. The quality of My Life questionnaire: the minimal clinically important difference for pediatric rheumatology patients. J Rheumatol. 2007; 34: 581–587.
  36. (36) Landgraf J M, Abetz L, Ware J A.The CHQ User Manual. Health Institute, New England Medical Center, Boston, 1996.
  37. (37) Varni JW, Seid M, Smith Knight T, Burwinkle T, Brown J, Szer IS. The PedsQL in pediatric rheumatology: reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales and rheumatology module. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46: 714–25.
  38. (38) Duffy CM, Arsenault L, Duffy KN, Paquin JD, Strawczynski H. The Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire: development of a new responsive index for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile spondyloarthitides. J Rheumatol. 1997; 24: 738–746
  39. (39) Duffy CM, Arsenault L, Watanabe-Duffy KN et al: Validity and sensitivity to change of the Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ). Arthritis Rheum.1993; 37: S144.
  40. (40) Filocamo G, Schiappapietra B, Bertamino M, et al. A new short and simple health-related quality of life measurement for paediatric rheumatic diseases: initial validation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2010;49: 1272–80.
  41. (41) Weiss PF, Klink AJ, Faerber J, Feudtner C. The pediatric rheumatology quality of life scale: validation of the English version in a US cohort of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2013;11: 43.
  42. (42) Ravelli A, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 2007;369:767–78
  43. (43) Singh YP, Aggarwal A. A modified juvenile arthritis damage index to improve articular damage assessment in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-enthesitis-related arthritis (JIA-ERA).Clin Rheumatol.2012; 31: 767-774.
  44. (44) Viola S, Felici E, Magni-Manzoni S et al. Development and validation of a clinical index for assessment of long-term damage in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52: 2092–102.
  45. (45) Brunner HI, Giannini EH. Health-related quality of life in children with rheumatic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2003;15: 602-12.
  46. (46) Feldman BM, Grundland B, McCullough L, Wright V. Distinction of quality of life, health related quality of life, and health status in children referred for rheumatologic care. J Rheumatol. 2000; 27: 226-33.
  47. (47) Brunner HI, Ravelli A. Developing outcome measures for paediatric rheumatic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2009; 23: 609-24.
  48. (48) van Dijkhuizen EHP, Ridella F, Naddei R et al. Validity and Reliability of Four Parent/Patient–Reported Outcome Measures for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Remote Monitoring. Arthritis Care & Research. 2023; 75: 391- 400.
  49. (49) Filocamo G, Consolaro A, Ferrari C, Ravelli A. Introducing new tools for assessment of parent and child reported outcomes in pediatric rheumatology practice: a work in progress. Clin Exp Rheumatology. 2013,31: 964-968.
  50. (50) Filocamo G, Davi S, Pistorio A et al. Evaluation of 21-numbered circle and 10-cm horizontal line visual analog scales for physician and parent subjective ratings in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2010;37: 1534–41
  51. (51) Harjacek M, Lamot L, Lamot M et al. The Croatian version of the juvenile arthritis multidimensional assessment report JAMAR. Rheumatology international. 2018; 38: S115-S122.
  52. (52) Consolaro, A., Ruperto, N., Pistorio, A. et al. Development and initial validation of composite parent- and child-centered disease assessment indices for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2011; 63: 1262-1270.