Adult Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis with multisystem bone and lung involvement: About a case

Abstract

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare systemic disease characterized by the abnormal overproduction of histiocytes that tend
to infiltrate single or multiple organ systems leading to significant tissue damage. Although LCH can involve various organs including bone, skin, and
lymph nodes, multisystem involvement of LCH is rare in adults

Case presentation: We report the case of a 31-year-old man with LCH involving his lungs and bone. The initial radio-clinical presentation was rather
in favor of pulmonary tuberculosis. Through this observation we draw attention to this rare pathology and we discuss the diagnostic elements and the
therapeutic management of this pathology.

Conclusion: Although it is occasionally difficult to discriminate LCH from other disorders, systemic evaluation might be helpful for differential diagnosis.
As LCH isn`t infiltrating malignant cells, strong chemotherapy regimen is not recommended in order to avoid severe toxic and side effects.