Prevalence of depression and anxiety in obstructive sleep apnea

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Published Jul 7, 2022
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Vol. 100 No. 7 (2022): Issue Jul 2022

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Houda Gharsalli
Chahida Harizi
Rania Zaouche
Imen Sahnoun
Farah Saffar
Sonia Maalej
Leila Douik El Gharbi

Abstract

Introduction: Organic comorbidities of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have been widely studied. However, psychiatric disorders, especially depression
and anxiety, have not attracted so much attention.

Aim: The primary aim was to determine the prevalence and the predictive factors of depression and anxiety in OSA patients. The secondary aim was to
investigate the association between OSA severity and these psychiatric disorders.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including untreated OSA patients without mental illness history was conducted. Patients were administered the Hospital
Anxiety (HADS-A) and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Depression and anxiety were diagnosed for HAD-D and HAD-A scores ≥ 8.
Results: Eighty patients were included (mean age: 54.83 ± 13.12 yr; female: 52 (65%); mean Body mass index (BMI) :34.7±6.14 kg/m2). The prevalence
of depression and anxiety was 35 % and 43.8% of patients respectively. Both depressive and anxious OSA patients had more libido disorder ( p=0.011,
p=0.0007 ;respectively), anhedonia (p= 10-4, p= 10-4respectively ) and suicidal ideas(p= 0.002 ,p=0.019 respectively). Moreover, depressed OSA
patients had lower socio-economic condition (p= 0.019), more coronary artery diseases (CAD) (p=0.019) and less cognitive disorder (p= 0.005). The
HADS-D (r=0,095; p=0,404) and the HADS-A (r=0,212; p=0,059) were not correlated with the Apnea/Hyponea Index. The determinants of depressive
and anxious mood were female-sex (p= 0.035, p=0.004 respectively) and libido disorder (p=0.040, p=0.02 respectively). Anhedonia (p=10-4) and CAD
(p=0.010) were also identified as a predictive factors of depression.

Conclusions: In our study, the high prevalence of depression and axiety in apneic patients demonstrates the importance of the psychiatric component in the
management of this disease. A collaboration between pneumologists and psychiatrists is necessary in order to improve the quality of life of these patients.

Keywords:

Obstructive sleep apnea, Depression, Anxiety, Sleep monitoring, HAD Scale

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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