Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of burnout syndrome in healthcare providers: prevalence and predictive factors

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published May 17, 2022
Download
pdf
Vol. 100 No. 6 (2022): Issue Juin 2022

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Asma Jouini
Amel Mokline
Hager Sabta
Ichrak Smadhi
Maamoun Ben Cheikh
Chadli Dziri

Abstract

Background: In Tunisia, the pandemic is still ongoing, resulting in the burnout of healthcare providers.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of the management of COVID-19 patients on the physical and mental health of healthcare providers, and to identify the
independent and predictive variables for the three components of severe burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment at work.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected between February 8, and April 11, 2021. Healthcare providers, who were positive for COVID,
completed the questionnaire. The primary endpoint was to assess the degree of burnout in healthcare providers by adopting the original version of the severe
Maslach Burnout Inventory: emotional exhaustion (≥30), depersonalization (≥12), and lack of personal accomplishment at work (≤ 33). A descriptive analysis
followed by a bi- and multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent and predictive factors for each component of burnout.

Results: 700 healthcare providers were audited. Emotional exhaustion was ≥ 30 in 86%, depersonalization was ≥ 12 in 61%, and lack of personal accomplishment at work
was ≤ 33 in 69%. Of the 700 healthcare providers, 93% were working at the same time in the COVID units, 85% had not received compensatory rest. Healthcare provider
who had been infected by COVID-19 was the only independent predictive variable of severe emotional exhaustion and severe depersonalization. Healthcare provider who
had been infected by COVID-19 and did not have a compensatory rest were two independent predictive variables of severe lack of personal accomplishment at work.

Conclusion: Healthcare provider who had been infected by COVID-19 was the only predictive variable of severe emotional exhaustion and severe depersonalization. Healthcare
provider who had been infected by COVID-19 and did not have a compensatory rest were two independent and predictive variables of severe lack of personal accomplishment at work.


##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

References

  1. Hamoudi MM, Gargouri R, Bahloul N, Kallel N, Kotti A, Ketata W, et al. Impact de la maladie du COVID-19 sur la santé mentale du personnel hospitalier tunisien. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités. 1 janv 2021;13(1):145.
  2. Sanghera J, Pattani N, Hashmi Y, Varley KF, Cheruvu MS, Bradley A, et al. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the mental health of healthcare workers in a hospital setting—A Systematic Review. J Occup Health. 31 oct 2020;62(1):e12175.
  3. Chakroun H, Ben Lasfar N, Fall S, Maha A, El Moussi A, Abid S, et al. First case of imported and confirmed COVID-19 in Tunisia. Tunis Med. avr 2020;98(4):258‑60.
  4. Louhaichi S, Allouche A, Baili H, Jrad S, Radhouani A, Greb D, et al. Features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus admitted in a pneumology department: The first retrospective Tunisian case series. Tunis Med. avr 2020;98(4):261‑5.
  5. Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 1981;2(2):99‑113.
  6. Galanis P, Vraka I, Fragkou D, Bilali A, Kaitelidou D. Nurses’ burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. août 2021;77(8):3286‑302.
  7. Sever MS, Ortiz A, Maggiore U, Bac-García E, Vanholder R. Mass Disasters and Burnout in Nephrology Personnel: From Earthquakes and Hurricanes to COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 8 mai 2021;16(5):829‑37.
  8. Bateman ME, Hammer R, Byrne A, Ravindran N, Chiurco J, Lasky S, et al. Death Cafés for prevention of burnout in intensive care unit employees: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (STOPTHEBURN). Trials. 11 déc 2020;21(1):1019.
  9. Dincer B, Inangil D. The effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques on nurses’ stress, anxiety, and burnout levels during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY). avr 2021;17(2):109‑14.
  10. Magnavita N, Chirico F, Garbarino S, Bragazzi NL, Santacroce E, Zaffina S. SARS/MERS/SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks and Burnout Syndrome among Healthcare Workers. An Umbrella Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 20 avr 2021;18(8):4361.
  11. Maslach C, Jackson SE, Michael P. Leiter, Wilmar B. Schaufeli, Richard L. Schwab. Maslach Burnout Inventory. Place of publication not identified: Mind Garden; 1986.
  12. Faria ARQ de P, Coelho HFC, Silva AB, Damascena LCL, Carneiro RR, Lopes MT, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of burnout syndrome in frontline physicians: prevalence and associated factors. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). juill 2021;67(7):942‑9.
  13. Houdmont J, Daliya P, Theophilidou E, Adiamah A, Hassard J, Lobo DN. Burnout Among Surgeons in the UK During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study. World J Surg. 2022;46(1):1‑9.
  14. Lorello GR, Gautam M, Barned C, Peer M. Impact of the intersection of anaesthesia and gender on burnout and mental health, illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Anaesthesia. avr 2021;76 Suppl 4:24‑31.
  15. Ghahramani S, Lankarani KB, Yousefi M, Heydari K, Shahabi S, Azmand S. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Burnout Among Healthcare Workers During COVID-19. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:758849.
  16. Danet Danet A. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Western frontline healthcare professionals. A systematic review. Med Clin (Barc). 7 mai 2021;156(9):449‑58.
  17. Couper K, Murrells T, Sanders J, Anderson JE, Blake H, Kelly D, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on the wellbeing of the UK nursing and midwifery workforce during the first pandemic wave: A longitudinal survey study. Int J Nurs Stud. 15 déc 2021;127:104155.
  18. Busch IM, Moretti F, Mazzi M, Wu AW, Rimondini M. What We Have Learned from Two Decades of Epidemics and Pandemics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Burden of Frontline Healthcare Workers. Psychother Psychosom. 2021;90(3):178‑90.
  19. Fernando B, Reynolds T, Izzy M, Kirchner VA, Wren B, Spiro M. Mental Health Support in the Transplantation Workforce: What Can We Learn From the COVID-19 Pandemic? Exp Clin Transplant. août 2021;19(8):763‑70.
  20. Camacho KG, Gomes Junior SCDS, Reis AT, Junqueira-Marinho M de F, França LCM, Abramov DM, et al. Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals in the state of Rio de Janeiro / Brazil. PLoS One. 2022;17(1):e0261814.
  21. Cheristanidis S, Kavvadas D, Moustaklis D, Kyriakidou E, Batzou D, Sidiropoulos E, et al. Psychological Distress in Primary Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. Acta Med Acad. août 2021;50(2):252‑63.
  22. Mensinger JL, Brom H, Havens DS, Costello A, D’Annunzio C, Durning JD, et al. Psychological responses of hospitalbased nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: A cross-sectional study. Appl Nurs Res. févr 2022;63:151517.
  23. Tauro E, Gorini A, Caglio C, Gabanelli P, Caiani EG. COVID-19 and mental disorders in healthcare Personnel: A novel framework to develop Personas from an online survey. J Biomed Inform. 11 janv 2022;126:103993.
  24. Gambaro E, Gramaglia C, Marangon D, Azzolina D, Probo M, Rudoni M, et al. The Mediating Role of Gender, Age, COVID-19 Symptoms and Changing of Mansion on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers Operating in Italy during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 11 déc 2021;18(24):13083.
  25. Dale LP, Cuffe SP, Sambuco N, Guastello AD, Leon KG, Nunez LV, et al. Morally Distressing Experiences, Moral Injury, and Burnout in Florida Healthcare Providers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 24 nov 2021;18(23):12319.
  26. Serrano-Ripoll MJ, Meneses-Echavez JF, Ricci-Cabello I, FraileNavarro D, Fiol-deRoque MA, Pastor-Moreno G, et al. Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 1 déc 2020;277:347‑57.
  27. Salazar de Pablo G, Vaquerizo-Serrano J, Catalan A, Arango C, Moreno C, Ferre F, et al. Impact of coronavirus syndromes on physical and mental health of health care workers: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 1 oct 2020;275:48‑57.
  28. Thatrimontrichai A, Weber DJ, Apisarnthanarak A. Mental health among healthcare personnel during COVID-19 in Asia: A systematic review. J Formos Med Assoc. juin 2021;120(6):1296‑304.
  29. Fernandez R, Lord H, Halcomb E, Moxham L, Middleton R, Alananzeh I, et al. Implications for COVID-19: A systematic review of nurses’ experiences of working in acute care hospital settings during a respiratory pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 1 nov 2020;111:103637.
  30. Turner S, Botero-Tovar N, Herrera MA, Borda Kuhlmann JP, Ortiz F, Ramírez JC, et al. Systematic review of experiences and perceptions of key actors and organisations at multiple levels within health systems internationally in responding to COVID-19. Implement Sci. 7 mai 2021;16(1):50.
  31. Chigwedere OC, Sadath A, Kabir Z, Arensman E. The Impact of Epidemics and Pandemics on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 22 juin 2021;18(13):6695.
  32. Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho AR, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Compr Psychiatry. nov 2018;87:123‑7.
  33. Waring S, Giles S. Rapid Evidence Assessment of Mental Health Outcomes of Pandemics for Health Care Workers: Implications for the Covid-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health. 2021;9:629236.
  34. Reitz KM, Terhorst L, Smith CN, Campwala IK, Owoc MS, DownsCanner SM, et al. Healthcare providers’ perceived support from their organization is associated with lower burnout and anxiety amid the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One. 2021;16(11):e0259858.
  35. Secosan I, Virga D, Crainiceanu ZP, Bratu LM, Bratu T. The Moderating Role of Personal Resources Between Demands and Ill-Being of Romanian Healthcare Professionals in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health. 2021;9:736099.
  36. Jiee SF, Jantim A, Mohamed AF, Emiral ME. COVID-19 pandemic: determinants of workplace preventive practice among primary healthcare workers in Sabah, Malaysia. J Prev Med Hyg. sept 2021;62(3):E605‑12.
  37. Mohammadi F, Tehranineshat B, Bijani M, Oshvandi K, Badiyepeymaiejahromi Z. Exploring the experiences of operating room health care professionals’ from the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Surg. 25 déc 2021;21(1):434.
  38. Mira JJ, Cobos-Vargas Á, Astier-Peña MP, Pérez-Pérez P, Carrillo I, Guilabert M, et al. Addressing Acute Stress among Professionals Caring for COVID-19 Patients: Lessons Learned during the First Outbreak in Spain (March-April 2020). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16 nov 2021;18(22):12010.
  39. Leo CG, Sabina S, Tumolo MR, Bodini A, Ponzini G, Sabato E, et al. Burnout Among Healthcare Workers in the COVID 19 Era: A Review of the Existing Literature. Front Public Health. 2021;9:750529.