Antibiotic stewardship team in a Tunisian university hospital: A fouryear experience

Abstract

Background: Association between antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance has been demonstrated in several studies; hence the importance of
antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) to reduce the burden of this resistance.

Aim: To describe the antibiotic stewardship team (AST) interventions in a Tunisian university hospital.

Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in the infectious diseases department in Sousse-Tunisia between 2016 and 2020. Hospital and private
practice doctors have been informed of the existence of an antibiotic stewardship team. Interventions consisted of some helps to antibiotic therapy (i.e.;
prescription, change or discontinuation) and/or diagnosis (i.e.; further investigations).

Results: Two thousand five hundred and fourteen interventions were made including 2288 (91%) in hospitalized patients, 2152 (86%) in university hospitals and
1684 (67%) in medical wards. The most common intervention consisted of help to antibiotic therapy (80%). The main sites of infections were skin and soft tissues
(28%) and urinary tract (14%). Infections were microbiologically documented in 36% of cases. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Enterobactriaceae
(41%). Antibiotic use restriction was made in 44% of cases including further investigations (16%), antibiotic de-escalation (11%), no antibiotic prescription (9%) and
antibiotic discontinuation (8%). In cases where antibiotics have been changed (N=475), the intervention was associated with an overall decrease in the prescription
of broad-spectrum antibiotics from 61% to 50% with a decrease in the prescription of third generation cephalosporins from 22% to 15%.

Conclusions: The majority of antibiotic stewardship team’s interventions were made in hospitalized patients, university hospitals and medical wards.
These interventions resulted in an overall and broad-spectrum antibiotic use reduction.