Epidemiological, clinical and mycological study of dermatomycosis in diabetic patients
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Abstract
Background:
Dermatomycosis are fungal infections of the skin and/or phanera, which are often benign but can have an impact on the vital and functional prognosis in diabetic patients.
Aim:
The aim of our work was to study the epidemiological, clinical and mycological profile of dermatomycosis in diabetic patients.
Methods :
This was a retrospective descriptive study carried out in the Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory of Charles-Nicolle Hospital over a three-year period (2016-2018). We collected diabetic patients who were referred for suspected dermatomycosis.
Results:
Dermatomycosis was confirmed in 799 of the 1007 diabetic patients referred to our laboratory
(79.34%) and in 1055 lesions among the 1344 sites sampled (78.50%).
Among patients with dermatomycosis, a female predominance was observed with a sex- ratio=0.83. The mean age of the patients was 57.11 [2-82]. The patients with type 2 diabetes were the most affected (86.35%) (p=0.038). The mean duration of lesion progression was 5.0±5.5 years. The most common dermatomycoses were toenail onychomycoses (59.62%), followed by fingernail onychomycoses (15.26%), plantar keratoderma (10.24%), and intertrigo in small skin folds (5.59%).
Dermatophytes were the most frequently isolated fungi (80.1%; p<0.001), with predominance of Trichophyton rubrum (78.8%). Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated yeast (11.8%).
Conclusions:
Dermatomycosis are common in diabetic patients. Although they are often benign, these fungal infections can engage the functional prognosis or even become life-threatening in case of diabetes. Mycological diagnosis is necessary in case of clinical suspicion in order to confirm the diagnosis, guide the treatment and avoid complications.
Keywords:
Fungal diseases, Skin, Integumentary system, Diabetes##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
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