Assessment of oral health status among uncontrolled diabetic mellitus patients in Tunisia

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published Jun 20, 2019
Download
pdf
Vol. 97 No. 2 (2019): Issue Feb 2019

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Imen Sebai
Aroua Temessek
Aida Chelly
Takwa Harrabi
Faika Ben Mami

Abstract

Aim: To assess oral health status of Tunisian diabetic mellitus patients.
Methods: We carried a cross-sectional study among 100 uncontrolled diabetic mellitus patients. An oral health survey was developed to collect their socio-demographic characteristics and to assess their oral health behavior. Each patient benefited of an oral examination. Clinical and biological data were collected from medical file of patients.
Results: In terms of number of brushings, 44% of diabetic mellitus patients brushed their teeth at least twice a day, 25% brushed once a day, 10% occasionally and 21% did not used to brush their teeth. The last visit to a dentist dated since less than a year ago for 48% of participants and 8% reported that they hadn’t never visit a dentist. Oral hygiene and the rate of dental consultation were correlated with gender but not with glycemic control. Only 17% had complete dentition, 75% were partially dentate and 8% were completely edentulous. More than half of the diabetics had at least 5 missing teeth. About 67% had had experienced tooth decay. The presence of tooth decay was not correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The examining dentist estimated that nine out of ten patients required dental care.
Conclusion: The oral health status of diabetic mellitus patients in Tunisia was bad. The need for dental care was real and high but often overlooked. The establishment of a national oral health care policy seems to be a national priority today.

Keywords:

diabetes mellitus, health behaviors, periodontal diseases, dental caries

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

References

  1. Casqueiro J, Casqueiro J, Alves C. Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: A review of pathogenesis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012;16(1 Suppl):S27‑36.
  2. Shanmukappa SM, Nadig P, Puttannavar R, Ambareen Z, Gowda TM, Mehta DS. Knowledge, Attitude, and Awareness among Diabetic Patients in Davangere about the Association between Diabetes and Periodontal Disease. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017;7(6):381‑8.
  3. Bahammam MA. Periodontal health and diabetes awareness among Saudi diabetes patients. Patient Prefer Adherence 2015;9:225‑33.
  4. Sanz M, Ceriello A, Buysschaert M, Chapple I, Demmer RT, Graziani F, et al. Scientific evidence on the links between periodontal diseases and diabetes: Consensus report and guidelines of the joint workshop on periodontal diseases and diabetes by the International Diabetes Federation and the European Federation of Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol 2018;45(2):138‑49.
  5. Buysschaert M. Diabète et maladie parodontale. Le point en 2017 d'une double relation silencieuse. Med Mal Metabol 2017;11(2):105‑9.
  6. Li Z, Zhu L, Sha Y: Effects of periodontal health and related factors on the oral health - related quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis[abstract]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2011;29(4):379-83.
  7. Saremi A, Nelson RG, Tulloch-Reid M, Hanson RL, Sievers ML, Taylor GW, et al. Periodontal disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28(1):27‑32.
  8. Shultis WA, Weil EJ, Looker HC, Curtis JM, Shlossman M, Genco RJ, et al. Effect of periodontitis on overt nephropathy and end-stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30(2):306‑11.
  9. Bradshaw DJ, Lynch RJM. Diet and the microbial aetiology of dental caries: new paradigms. Int Dent J 2013;63(2 Suppl):64‑72.
  10. Tanner T, Kämppi A, Päkkilä J, Järvelin M-R, Patinen P, Tjäderhane L, et al. Association of smoking and snuffing with dental caries occurrence in a young male population in Finland: A cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Scand 2014;72(8):1017‑24.
  11. Kumar S, Tadakamadla J, Johnson NW. Effect of Toothbrushing Frequency on Incidence and Increment of Dental Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Dent Res 2016;95(11):1230‑6.
  12. Yuen HK, Wolf BJ, Bandyopadhyay D, Magruder KM, Salinas CF, London SD. Oral Health Knowledge and Behavior among Adults with Diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009;86(3):239‑46.
  13. Azogui-lévy S, Bourdillon F, Ittah-Desmeulles H, Rosenheim M, Souames M, Azerad J. État dentaire, recours aux soins et précarité. Rev DÉpidémiologie Santé Publique 2006;54(3):203‑11.
  14. Popoz L, Ben Khalifa F, Eschwège E, Ben Ayed H. diabetes mellitus in Tunisia, description in urban and rural populations. Int J Epidemiol 1988 ;17(2):419-22.
  15. OMS(2016) : Organisation mondiale de santé. Profil du diabète par pays : Tunisie. Disponible sur : http://www.who.int/diabetes/country-profiles/tun_fr.pdf
  16. Petersen PE, Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Rapport sur la santé bucco-dentaire dans le monde 2003. Poursuivre l'amélioration de la santé bucco-dentaire au XXIe siècle - l'approche du Programme OMS de santé bucco-dentaire. Genève (Suisse) : OMS; 2003. Disponible sur : http://www.who.int/oral_health/media/fr/orh_report03_fr.pdf
  17. Haute Autorité de Santé : Stratégies de prévention de la carie dentaire. Synthèse et recommandations, mars 2010. Disponible sur: https://www.has-sante.fr/portail/upload/docs/application/pdf/2010-10/corriges_synthese_carie_dentaire_version_postcollege-10sept2010.pdf
  18. Lamjoun A. Etat bucco-dentaire du diabétique : (Enquête à propos de 120 cas). [Thèse]. Médecine dentaire: Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Rabat; 2002.
  19. Eldarrat A, Alkhabuli J, Malik A. The Prevalence of Self-Reported Halitosis and Oral Hygiene Practices among Libyan Students and Office Workers. Libyan J Med 2008;3:170-6.
  20. Underner M, Maes I, Urban T, Meurice J-C. Effets du tabac sur la maladie parodontale. Rev Mal Respir 2009;26(10):1057‑73.
  21. Nelson RG, Shlossman M, Budding LM, Pettitt DJ, Saad MF, Genco RJ, et al. Periodontal Disease and NIDDM in Pima Indians. Diabetes Care 1990;13(8):836‑40.
  22. Reddy S, Kripal K, Nair SK, Kumar PA. Prevalence and Incidence of Periodontal Diseases in Diabetes Mellitus Patients. EC Dental Science 2017;9(5): 173-181.
  23. Luo H, Pan W, Sloan F, Feinglos M, Wu B. Forty-Year Trends in Tooth Loss Among American Adults With and Without Diabetes Mellitus: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:150309.
  24. Cucovik-Bagic I, Verzak Z, Car N, Car A. Tooth loss among diabetic patients. Diabetol Croat 2004;33:23‑7
  25. FDI : Fédération dentaire internationale. L'enjeu des maladies bucco-dentaires - Un appel pour une action mondiale. L'Atlas de la santé bucco-dentaire. Seconde édition. Genève : FDI, 2015..
  26. Nishihara U, Tanabe N, Nakamura T, Okada Y, Nishida T, Akihara S. A periodontal disease care program for patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. J Gen Fam Med 2017;18(5):249‑57.