Bacterial meningitis in children: Epidemiological data and outcome

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Published Apr 3, 2014
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Vol. 92 No. 2 (2014): Issue Feb 2014

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L. Sfaihi
F. Kamoun
T. Kamoun
H. Aloulou
S. Mezghani
A. Hammemi
M. Hachicha

Abstract

Background: The bacterial meningitis in children remains a worrisome affection both by its frequency and by its gravity.
aim: describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary data of bacterial meningitis in children aged between 3 months and 15 years.
methods: we conducted a retrospective study of all cases of bacterial meningitis collected in the department of pediatrics of Hedi Chaker hospital, during a period of 6 years (2006-2011). We analyzed the files retrospectively and we studied the epidemiological data and the outcome.
results: Thirty cases of bacterial meningitis were recorded. The most frequent species were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae followed by Neisseria meningitidis with respectively 43%, 40%, and 6% of cases. The yearly distribution of these bacteria showed an increase of the rate of the bacterial meningitis during the last 2 years. The average age of our patients was 1 year 6months (3 months-13 years). All the patients were vaccinated according to the Tunisian vaccination calendar; and none of them had pneumococcal vaccine or the Hib vaccine. The main clinical manifestations were fever (100 %), seizures (14 %) and vomiting (44 %). Bulging fontanel was noted in 15cas (55 %), somnolence in 11 cases (40 %) and axial hypotonia in 12 cases (44 %). In the outcome, the neurological sequelae were showed in eight patients (26%).
Conclusion: In our study, H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were the main microorganisms responsible for bacterial meningitis. We strongly recommend the introduction pneumococcal vaccine in our vaccination calendar.

Keywords:

Bacterial meningitis; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Haemophilus influenzae; children

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