Place de la calprotectine fécale au cours des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin : Mise au point

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Publiée May 6, 2011
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Vol. 89 No 5 (2011): Revue mai 2011

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Lamia Kallel
Monia Fekih
Jalel Boubaker
Azza Filali

Résumé

Prérequis : Les maladies inflammatoires intestinales chroniques de l’intestin (MICI) évoluent par poussées entrecoupées par des périodes de rémission. Elles nécessitent une prise en charge régulière et au long cours. L’utilisation des marqueurs fécaux, en particulier de la calprotectine, connaît actuellement un intérêt considérable chez les patients atteints de MICI. En effet, la calprotectine fécale, protéine majeure du cytoplasme des polynucléaires neutrophiles, constitue un
marqueur fiable de l’inflammation intestinale et son dosage fait appel à un test simple et non invasif.
But : Nous nous proposons, dans ce travail, de revoir les principales indications du dosage de la calprotectine fécale au cours des MICI ainsi que les résultats des différentes études jusqu’au là réalisées.
Méthodes : Revue de la littérature.
Résultats : La calprotectine fécale n’est pas un marqueur spécifique des MICI et le rapport bénéfice coût impose une sélection de ses indications. Son dosage trouverait un intérêt particulier dans la prédiction des rechutes chez les patients en rémission ainsi que celle des récidives post opératoires.
Conclusion :L’idée d’utiliser ce marqueur dans l’évaluation de la cicatrisation muqueuse sous traitement, en particulier sous anti-TNF, parait séduisante mais reste jusqu’au là peu étudiée.

Mots-clés :

Maladie de Crohn, Rectocolite hémorragique, Calprotectine, marqueur fécal, inflammation, activité, rechute, récidive

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