CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC PARTICULARITIES OF DEPRESSION IN THE ELDERLY

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Vol. 86 No. 2 (2008): Issue Feb 2008

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Mohamed Maâlej
Service de psychiatrie « C » CHU Hédi CHAKER - Sfax
Lobna Zouari
Service de psychiatrie « C » CHU Hédi CHAKER - Sfax
Sameh Ben Mahmoud
Service de psychiatrie « C » CHU Hédi CHAKER - Sfax
Achouak Rakam
Service de psychiatrie « C » CHU Hédi CHAKER - Sfax
Mariem Dammak
Service de psychiatrie « C » CHU Hédi CHAKER - Sfax
Nasreddine Zouari
Service de psychiatrie « C » CHU Hédi CHAKER - Sfax

Abstract

Depression in older people slightly differs from younger subjects adults. Generally, typical depressive symptoms are overlooked by other symptoms. The most frequent ones are excessive preoccupation with health and complaints about physical symptoms. Anxiety is a common accompaniment of depression in later life. Poor subjective memory or dementialike and psychotic symptoms are also common in depression in the elderly. The exogenous depression, the most common forms of depression in elderly people, has a little response to antidepressants. The endogenous depression is associated with high risk of suicide.
Depression in older people often coexists with physical disorders. The most frequently encountered is Parkinson's disease. Depression could also be one of the side effect of the use of drugs for physical illnesses. The Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are generally too toxic for elderly people and should not be considered as drugs of first choice. Currently, the drugs of choice are the serotoninselective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). They have an antidepressant effect similar to that of (TCAs), but they are less toxic. The antidepressant treatment in the elderly is usually initiated at a low starting dose, ideally no more than half the usually recommended for the adults. For psychotic depression a combination of an antidepressant used in conjunction with antipsychotic drug is more effective than an antidepressant administered alone. The treatment should be continued for six months at least in order to reduce the risk of relapse. Moreover, long-term treatment is recommended because of the high risk of recurrence.

Keywords:

Antidepressants, Depression, Diagnosis, Elderly, Treatment, literature review

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